{"id":451,"date":"2026-02-18T11:11:39","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T10:11:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/?p=451"},"modified":"2026-02-18T11:12:49","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T10:12:49","slug":"crime-scene-corporate-bankruptcy-the-dangers-of-krida-under-%c2%a7-156-and-%c2%a7-159-stgb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/en\/blog\/crime-scene-corporate-bankruptcy-the-dangers-of-krida-under-%c2%a7-156-and-%c2%a7-159-stgb\/","title":{"rendered":"Crime Scene: Corporate Bankruptcy \u2013 The Dangers of &#8220;Krida&#8221; under \u00a7 156 and \u00a7 159 StGB"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When a company faces financial distress, the line between a hard-fought restructuring and criminal conduct is often thin. In Austrian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/en\/areas-of-expertise\/criminal-defense\/\">criminal law,<\/a> so-called &#8220;<strong>Krida<\/strong>&#8221; (insolvency-related) offenses play a central role. But what exactly is &#8220;Fraudulent Krida,&#8221; and when does economic misfortune turn into &#8220;Grossly Negligent Infringement of Creditor Interests&#8221;?  <\/p>\n\n<p>A closer look at Sections 156 and 159 of the Austrian Criminal Code (StGB) reveals that the legislator takes the protection of creditors very seriously.<br\/><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong><strong>The &#8220;Heavyweight&#8221;: Fraudulent Krida (\u00a7 156 StGB)<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Fraudulent Krida is a cornerstone of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/en\/areas-of-expertise\/white-collar-criminal-defense\/\">white-collar criminal law<\/a>. Its purpose is to secure the debtor&#8217;s assets as a satisfaction fund for creditors. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Offense (Actus Reus)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Criminal liability applies to anyone who:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Conceals or hides <\/strong>assets (e.g., from an insolvency administrator).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Secretes or removes <\/strong>assets (e.g., stashing cash).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disposes of assets<\/strong> without receiving equivalent consideration (e.g., selling assets to oneself or an associate significantly below market value).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pretends or acknowledges non-existent debts<\/strong> (e.g., accepting fake invoices to &#8220;drain&#8221; remaining assets).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Damages <\/strong>assets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Der entscheidende Punkt: Der Verm\u00f6gensbegriff<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>An<strong> economic concept of assets <\/strong>applies here. All assets that could serve creditors through compulsory enforcement are relevant. The offense is committed as soon as the satisfaction of even a single creditor is thwarted or diminished by an action.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Important<\/strong>: A conviction for Fraudulent Krida does not require the company to be officially insolvent (unable to pay or over-indebted). The maturity of the claims is also irrelevant. However, these factors are usually highly relevant when assessing the subjective side of the crime.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Subjective Intent<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>The presence of conditional intent (dolus eventualis) is sufficient. This means the perpetrator considers it seriously possible that their actions will thwart a creditor&#8217;s satisfaction and accepts this outcome. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Penalties<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Fraudulent Krida is a felony (Verbrechen) carrying a prison sentence of six months to five years.<\/p>\n\n<p>If the damage caused exceeds \u20ac300,000, the penalty increases to one to <strong>ten years of imprisonment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Civil and Insolvency Law Consequences<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Furthermore, a conviction carries massive consequences:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A reorganization plan may be ruled inadmissible (\u00a7 141 IO).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Debt waivers already granted in a reorganization plan can be retroactively revoked if the conviction becomes final within two years of the plan\u2019s confirmation (\u00a7 158 IO).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disqualification as a director: A conviction for Fraudulent Krida resulting in a prison sentence of more than 6 months leads to an automatic <strong>three-year disqualification<\/strong> from serving as a managing director or board member.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When Carelessness Becomes a Crime: \u00a7 159 StGB<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Not every insolvency offense happens with malicious intent. This is where Section 159 StGB applies, penalizing <strong>the grossly negligent infringement <\/strong>of creditor interests. <\/p>\n\n<p>While \u00a7 156 requires intent, \u00a7 159 only requires gross negligence. The law distinguishes between three scenarios: <\/p>\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Causing insolvency through &#8220;reckless business conduct&#8221; (kridatr\u00e4chtig).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grossly negligent damage to creditors while knowing (or being expected to know) of existing insolvency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prevented Insolvency: Severely worsening the economic situation through reckless conduct such that insolvency would have occurred if not for (voluntary) state aid or &#8220;bailouts.&#8221; <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Was gilt als \u201ekridatr\u00e4chtig\u201c?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>The law lists behaviors that contradict sound business management:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Squandering assets<\/strong> or excessive spending disproportionate to financial standing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hazardous transactions<\/strong> outside the normal scope of business (e.g., risky speculations or betting).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deficient Bookkeeping<\/strong>: Failing to keep records or preparing annual financial statements so late that a timely overview of the financial situation is significantly hampered.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Penalties<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n<p>The maximum sentence for \u00a7 159 StGB is one year of imprisonment.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion: Caution in Times of Crisis<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>&#8220;Krida&#8221; offenses clearly show that managing directors and entrepreneurs bear an enormous responsibility toward their creditors. Those who try to &#8220;save&#8221; their company or assets in a risky manner during turbulent times or neglect their bookkeeping risk not only economic ruin but also severe criminal consequences. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Are you facing criminal proceedings for Fraudulent Krida or have you become a victim of it?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>As an experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/en\/areas-of-expertise\/white-collar-criminal-defense\/\">white-collar defense <\/a>attorney, Mag. Markus Weisser reviews your individual situation discreetly and competently. Arrange a confidential <strong>initial consultation<\/strong> today. <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-primary-light-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-602c858f wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9c22b1e3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"524\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/app\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MarkusWeisser.jpg\" alt=\"Portrait photo of lawyer Markus Weisser\" class=\"wp-image-96\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/app\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MarkusWeisser.jpg 524w, https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/app\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MarkusWeisser-300x262.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Markus Weisser<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Attorney at law<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mag. Markus Weisser has been practicing criminal law for several years. His work covers a broad range of focus areas, and he also regularly gives lectures on various legal topics.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-ff2c9ce1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons alignwide is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-dce74dba wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/en\/blog\/\">Back to blog overview<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons alignwide is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-dce74dba wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/en\/contact-us\/\">Contact<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-secondary-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-867483a7 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4f2155eb wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-primary-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-primary-background-color has-background\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><details class=\"schema-faq-section\"  id=\"faq-question-1771405564668\"><summary class=\"schema-faq-question\" >Is Fraudulent Krida only applicable to companies?<\/summary> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">No.<strong> Private individuals <\/strong>can also be convicted under \u00a7 156 and \u00a7 159 StGB. Anyone who has private debts and hides assets from execution or private bankruptcy commits a crime. For individuals, this also results in the denial or revocation of debt discharge (Absch\u00f6pfungsverfahren).  <\/p> <\/details> <details class=\"schema-faq-section\"  id=\"faq-question-1753430103453\"><summary class=\"schema-faq-question\" ><strong><strong><strong>What is the difference between \u00a7 156 and \u00a7 159 StGB?<\/summary><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The main difference is the<strong> degree of fault<\/strong>: \u00a7 156 StGB (Fraudulent Krida) requires intent\u2014you intend to harm creditors or accept it as a consequence. \u00a7 159 StGB punishes<strong> gross negligence<\/strong>, meaning massive carelessness in handling assets. <\/p> <\/details> <details class=\"schema-faq-section\"  id=\"faq-question-1753430067089\"><summary class=\"schema-faq-question\" ><strong><strong><strong>Must I or my company already be insolvent to be convicted of Fraudulent Krida?<\/summary><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">No. <strong>Fraudulent Krida (\u00a7 156 StGB) <\/strong>does not require insolvency in the form of over-indebtedness or inability to pay. It is sufficient if you intentionally secrete assets and thereby thwart or diminish the satisfaction of a creditor.  <\/p> <\/details> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b2f0bcc3 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Contact us for a consultation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-38c86160 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-primary-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-primary-background-color has-background\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">We provide comprehensive advice and are committed to representing your interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-d2a3880e wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/en\/contact-us\/\">Contact<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When a company faces financial distress, the line between a hard-fought restructuring and criminal conduct is often thin. In Austrian criminal law, so-called &#8220;Krida&#8221; (insolvency-related) offenses play a central role. But what exactly is &#8220;Fraudulent Krida,&#8221; and when does economic misfortune turn into &#8220;Grossly Negligent Infringement of Creditor Interests&#8221;? A closer look at Sections 156 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nicht-kategorisiert","category-white-collar-criminal-defense"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Crime Scene: Corporate Bankruptcy \u2013 The Dangers of &quot;Krida&quot; under \u00a7 156 and \u00a7 159 StGB - Rechtsanwalt Markus Weisser<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What are the penalties for fraudulent insolvency (Krida)? Learn all about liability risks under Sections 156 &amp; 159 of the Austrian Criminal Code (StGB).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/en\/blog\/crime-scene-corporate-bankruptcy-the-dangers-of-krida-under-%c2%a7-156-and-%c2%a7-159-stgb\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Crime Scene: Corporate Bankruptcy \u2013 The Dangers of &quot;Krida&quot; under \u00a7 156 and \u00a7 159 StGB - Rechtsanwalt Markus Weisser\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What are the penalties for fraudulent insolvency (Krida)? 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","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/en\/blog\/crime-scene-corporate-bankruptcy-the-dangers-of-krida-under-%c2%a7-156-and-%c2%a7-159-stgb\/#faq-question-1753430067089","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.ra-weisser.at\/en\/blog\/crime-scene-corporate-bankruptcy-the-dangers-of-krida-under-%c2%a7-156-and-%c2%a7-159-stgb\/#faq-question-1753430067089","name":"Must I or my company already be insolvent to be convicted of Fraudulent Krida?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"No. <strong>Fraudulent Krida (\u00a7 156 StGB) <\/strong>does not require insolvency in the form of over-indebtedness or inability to pay. It is sufficient if you intentionally secrete assets and thereby thwart or diminish the satisfaction of a creditor.  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